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首頁晶振最新行情 晶振入門需知:石英晶振內(nèi)部基本參數(shù)

晶振入門需知:石英晶振內(nèi)部基本參數(shù)

來源:http://www.cecs.net.cn 作者:泰河電子 2018年01月24
  隨著時(shí)代的變遷,電子產(chǎn)品也被廣泛用于生活各處,內(nèi)部的石英晶振也被廣泛使用,只是很多人卻不知道它的存在.做電路板或者設(shè)計(jì)工程的人員是比較多能接觸到晶振的.技術(shù)人員就知道很小一顆晶振可以發(fā)揮著巨大的作用.足夠讓整塊線路板上的電子元器件正常工作.那石英晶振到底是什么呢?

  石英晶振實(shí)際上是用石英晶體材料做成的壓電石英晶振,也稱之為石英晶體諧振器.簡稱為晶振.具有壓電效應(yīng),穩(wěn)定性極強(qiáng),具有良好的抗干擾性.石英晶振自80年代便使應(yīng)用于各類電子產(chǎn)品上面,具有幾十年的歷史,因其具有頻率穩(wěn)定度高這一特點(diǎn)使得石英晶振在電子技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中一直占有重要的地位.石英晶體諧振器在遠(yuǎn)程通信,衛(wèi)星通信,移動(dòng)電話系統(tǒng),全球定位系統(tǒng),高速計(jì)算機(jī),精密計(jì)測儀器等消費(fèi)類民用電子產(chǎn)品中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用,作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)頻率源或脈沖信號(hào)源提供基準(zhǔn)頻率,是其它晶體振蕩器是無法代替的.而在石英晶振內(nèi)部基本參數(shù)也是至關(guān)重要的.

在訂購石英晶振的時(shí)候一定要明確以下參數(shù)指標(biāo):
 1.產(chǎn)品型號(hào):晶振產(chǎn)品型號(hào)
 2.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)頻率:晶體內(nèi)部頻率參數(shù),通常情況下都是標(biāo)在產(chǎn)品外殼上,與晶體元件的實(shí)際工作頻率有一定的差值.
 3.工作頻率:晶振元件與其電路一起產(chǎn)生的振蕩頻率.
 4.調(diào)整頻差: 在規(guī)定條件下,基準(zhǔn)溫度(25℃±2℃)時(shí)工作頻率相對(duì)于標(biāo)稱頻率所允許的最大偏差。
 5.溫度頻差: 在規(guī)定條件下,在工作溫度范圍內(nèi)相對(duì)于基準(zhǔn)溫度(25℃±2℃)時(shí)工作頻率的允許最大偏差。
 6.負(fù)載諧振電容: 在規(guī)定條件下,石英晶體諧振器和負(fù)載電容串聯(lián)后在諧振頻率時(shí)的電阻
 7.靜電容: 等效電路中與串聯(lián)臂并接的電容,也叫并電容
 8.負(fù)載電容: 從石英晶體諧振器插腳兩端向振蕩電路方向看進(jìn)去的全部有效電容為該振蕩器加給石英晶體諧振器的負(fù)載電容。
負(fù)載電容系列是:8pF、12pF、15pF、20pF、30pF、50pF、100pF。負(fù)載電容與石英諧振器一起決定振蕩器的工作頻率,通過調(diào)整負(fù)載電容,一般可以將振蕩器的工作頻率調(diào)到標(biāo)稱值。產(chǎn)品說明書中規(guī)定的負(fù)載電容既是一個(gè)測試條件,也是一個(gè)使用條件,這個(gè)值可以根據(jù)具體情況作適當(dāng)調(diào)整,負(fù)載電容太大時(shí)雜散電容影響減少,但微調(diào)率下降;負(fù)載電容小時(shí)、微調(diào)率增加,但雜散電容影響增加,負(fù)載電阻增加,甚至起振困難。負(fù)載電容標(biāo)為∞即為串聯(lián)諧振。
 9.頻率牽引靈敏度: 為相對(duì)頻率牽引范圍對(duì)負(fù)載電容的變化率,即負(fù)載電容變化1pF時(shí)頻率的相對(duì)變化值,它反映改變負(fù)載電容時(shí)引起頻率變化的靈敏度,也稱頻率可調(diào)性。
 10:激勵(lì)電平: 石英晶體諧振器工作時(shí)消耗的有效功率。
常用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有0.1、0.3、0.5、1、2mW,產(chǎn)品說明書中每種產(chǎn)品規(guī)定的激勵(lì)電平值是一個(gè)測試條件,也是一個(gè)使用條件,實(shí)際使用中激勵(lì)電平可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整。激勵(lì)強(qiáng),容易起振,但頻率老化加大。激勵(lì)太強(qiáng)甚至使石英片破裂,降低激勵(lì),頻率老化可以改善,但激勵(lì)太弱時(shí)頻率瞬間變差,甚至不易起振。
 11.泛音: 晶體振動(dòng)的機(jī)械諧波。泛音頻率與基頻頻率之比接近整數(shù)倍但不是整數(shù)倍,這是它與電氣諧波的主要區(qū)別。泛音振動(dòng)有3次泛音,5次泛音,7次泛音,9次泛音等。
 12.老化率: 在規(guī)定條件下,晶體工作頻率隨時(shí)間而允許的相對(duì)變化。以年為時(shí)間單位衡量時(shí)稱為年老化率.

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