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首頁技術(shù)支持技術(shù)資料 TCXO溫補(bǔ)晶振是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度補(bǔ)償功能的

TCXO溫補(bǔ)晶振是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度補(bǔ)償功能的

來源:http://www.cecs.net.cn 作者:泰河電子晶振 2018年12月29

當(dāng)需要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)XO(晶體振蕩器)VCXO(壓控晶體振蕩器)無法達(dá)到的溫度穩(wěn)定性時(shí),TCXO是必需的.

溫度穩(wěn)定性是振蕩器頻率隨溫度變化的量度,并且以兩種方式定義.一種常見的方法是使用“加/減”規(guī)格(例如:±0.28ppm對比工作溫度范圍,參考25°C-溫度范圍通常為-4085°C-2070°C).該規(guī)范告訴我們,如果我們將25°C的頻率設(shè)為標(biāo)稱頻率,則器件頻率將偏離或低于該標(biāo)稱頻率不超過0.28ppm.這與指定溫度穩(wěn)定性的第二種方式不同,即使用峰峰值或僅使用沒有參考點(diǎn)的正/負(fù)值.在第二種情況下,我們不能說我們知道頻率會高于或低于頻率將會發(fā)生多大變化-只是我們知道總的范圍是多少.通常,使用來自定義的參考點(diǎn)的正負(fù)值來指定設(shè)備.

TCXO晶振對工程師非常有用,因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢栽诒入娐钒迳暇哂邢嗤暮驼加每臻g的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)VCXO更好的溫度穩(wěn)定性的10倍到40倍之間使用.TCXO彌合了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)XOVCXOOCXO之間的差距,這些差距更高,需要更多功率才能運(yùn)行.推動技術(shù)的目標(biāo)是降低功耗,當(dāng)然還要降低成本,因此TCXO為功耗和成本敏感的應(yīng)用提供了良好的中端解決方案.

image001

Figure1.TheTemperatureStabilityrangesofvariousoscillatortypes

1是不同振蕩器類型的典型溫度穩(wěn)定性的示意圖,范圍從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)VCXO50ppm到高性能OCXO0.2ppb.軸反轉(zhuǎn)使得曲線在增加溫度穩(wěn)定性的方向上增長.TCXO穩(wěn)定性范圍涵蓋VCXOOCXO之間的中間位置(在某些情況下,重疊某些OCXO性能).

TCXO晶振溫度穩(wěn)定性水平(5ppm50ppb)通常是必要的,因?yàn)檎袷幤鲗ⅹ?dú)立工作,無論是在沒有外部頻率參考的系統(tǒng)中的自由運(yùn)行模式,還是作為固定頻率參考TCXO在開環(huán)中工作的合成器,用于驅(qū)動DDS(直接數(shù)字合成),DDS而不是TCXO被“鎖定”到外部參考.

后一種情況(TCXO是開環(huán),頻率在DDS設(shè)置)正變得越來越普遍,因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)人員發(fā)現(xiàn)使用DDS解決方案可以通過使用數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器控制TCXO來實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的頻率分辨率.由于轉(zhuǎn)向是在DDS而不是振蕩器中完成的,因此設(shè)計(jì)人員需要能夠?qū)潭ɑ鶞?zhǔn)的頻率如何隨溫度變化做出某些假設(shè),以便他們可以相應(yīng)地規(guī)劃鎖相環(huán)的設(shè)計(jì).由于靈活性,它們允許TCXO用于許多頻率控制應(yīng)用,但一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域是小型蜂窩基站(毫微微,微型和微微),通常它們被用作定時(shí)分配芯片的固定頻率源

TCXO溫度補(bǔ)償晶振如何運(yùn)作

  在非常基本的術(shù)語中,TCXO通過采用溫度補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)來操作,該網(wǎng)絡(luò)感測環(huán)境溫度并將晶體拉至其標(biāo)稱值.基本振蕩器電路和輸出級與VCXO中的預(yù)期相同.

2是簡化的TCXO功能框圖.

image003

2.TCXO功能塊

這個(gè)想法是補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動牽引網(wǎng)絡(luò),然后調(diào)整振蕩器的頻率.

3是發(fā)生了什么的概述-未補(bǔ)償?shù)?a data-ke-="" href="http://www.cecs.net.cn/" src="http://www.cecs.net.cn" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="晶振">晶振頻率響應(yīng)溫度(紅色)就像一個(gè)三階多項(xiàng)式曲線(如果你采用振蕩器非線性效果,更像是第五個(gè)),所以目標(biāo)是補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)是為了抵消溫度對晶體的影響而產(chǎn)生的電壓是有效的關(guān)于晶體曲線溫度軸的鏡像.補(bǔ)償電壓顯示為藍(lán)色,得到的頻率/溫度曲線以綠色顯示.

image005

3.溫度補(bǔ)償

  實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的方法隨著時(shí)間而改變.使用的第一種方法之一是直接補(bǔ)償技術(shù),其中使用熱敏電阻,電容器和電阻器網(wǎng)絡(luò)來直接控制振蕩器的頻率.溫度的變化導(dǎo)致熱敏電阻(4中的RT1RT2)發(fā)生變化,這會導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)的等效串聯(lián)電容發(fā)生變化-這反過來會改變晶體上的電容負(fù)載,從而導(dǎo)致頻率的變化.振蕩器.

 

image007

4.直接補(bǔ)償

在隨后的開發(fā)中(5中所示的間接補(bǔ)償),熱敏電阻(RT1RT3)和電阻(R1R3)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)用于產(chǎn)生與溫度相關(guān)的電壓.對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸出電壓進(jìn)行濾波,然后用于驅(qū)動變?nèi)荻O管,該變?nèi)荻O管改變晶振上的負(fù)載,再次導(dǎo)致頻率變化.

image010

5間接補(bǔ)償

目前的方法將補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)和拉網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成到一個(gè)集成電路中(如圖6所示),補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)的作用由一組運(yùn)算放大器組成,這些運(yùn)算放大器在一起產(chǎn)生溫度上的3階或5階函數(shù).與間接補(bǔ)償方法一樣,該電壓用于驅(qū)動變?nèi)荻O管,這反過來又改變了振蕩器的輸出頻率.由于晶體特性的變化意味著沒有“一刀切”的功能,因此在TCXO的溫度測試期間得出了解決方案.兩個(gè)電容器陣列用于將室溫下的頻率調(diào)節(jié)到標(biāo)稱值,然后在測試期間獲得溫度補(bǔ)償功能所需的設(shè)置并存儲在片上存儲器中.

image012

6綜合補(bǔ)償

最后一種方法通常被稱為“數(shù)字控制模擬補(bǔ)償”,并且在小型TCXO設(shè)計(jì)中常見,因?yàn)榭梢栽趩蝹€(gè)ASIC中提供大量功能.

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此文關(guān)鍵字: TCXO晶振溫度補(bǔ)償晶體振蕩器
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